华北中北部地区震源参数和场地响应的联合反演   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

王勤彩  高景春  郑斯华  刘杰  陈章立  刁桂苓  赵英萍  刘胜国  张从珍 《中国地震》2004,20(2):187-196

利用遗传算法反演华北中北部地区27个地震震源谱的低频水平、拐角频率和25个台站的场地响应。具体方法是利用研究区的平均衰减模型对记录谱进行路径校正，然后假定每一个地震的ω^2模型，调整低频水平和拐角频率使所有台站场地响应的标准偏差最小，最后给出参与计算的每个台站的场地响应。结果表明，17个基岩台中11个台的场地响应在1～20Hz范围内接近1，6个基岩台的场地响应部分频段放大或缩小3倍以上。8个井下摆台站的场地响应形态相同，表现为低频放大，高频部分迅速衰减。地震矩与震级的关系为logM0=17．1 1．13ML，地震矩与震源半径的关系为logM0=19．4 0．0052r。  相似文献   

Generation of thermal inertia image over a part of Gujarat: A new tool for geological mapping     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(2):129-139

Thermal inertia is a volume property and can be used to detect the subsurface features in an alluvium-covered area. A thermal inertia image has been generated over a part of Gujarat using consecutive day and night NOAA-AVHRR data. Gujarat contains two important rift basins in the western margin of India, namely, Cambay and Kutch basins. Major land covers exist in this region are alluvium, continental sediments, various rocks of Mesozoic and Cenozoic origin followed by Deccan Volcanics, tertiary and quaternary deposits. Validation of thermal inertia parameters with existing values obtained from literature indicates the efficacy of the developed technique. The study indicates that thermal inertia image can be used as a new method for geologic mapping/basin delineation where exposure is less or contrast is negligible between litho-units using traditional photography/sensing techniques.  相似文献   

GPS动态监测中多路径效应的规律性研究   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

黄声享  李沛鸿  杨保岑  向东 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(10):877-880

在分析GPS多路径效应特性的基础上,结合GPS动态变形监测的特点,对连续多天的观测数据解算结果采用滤波与周日位置求差相结合的方法进行数据处理。研究结果表明,多路径误差具有较强的周日重复性,在有效地削弱多路径效应的影响后,GPS动态监测的三维位置精度可以达到mm级,尤其是垂直方向的精度改善明显。  相似文献   

R/S分析及其在地震磁效应研究中的应用     

杨涛  刘庆生  李西京  曹国栋 《中国地震》2005,21(4):519-525

将重标极差法（R／S，Rescaled range analysis）这一时间序列分析方法引入到地震地磁前兆观测资料的处理和分析当中，并应用该方法对陕西关中地区3个地磁台站在1996～1998年间Z分量观测数据进行处理。分析了地磁Z分量赫斯特指数变化与1998年1月5日泾阳肘。4．8地震的关系，发现地震前2～4个月地磁Z分量出现明显小于0．5的异常变化，背离了地磁场正常的长程相关趋势性增强的变化规律，预示了此次地震的发生。这些结果表明该方法能够挖掘出丰富的地磁前兆信息，在地震前兆观测资料的非线性处理中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Quantifying the effect of a freeze–thaw cycle on soil erosion: laboratory experiments     

M. G. Ferrick  L. W. Gatto 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(10):1305-1326

In this paper we quantitatively test the hypothesis that soil freeze–thaw (FT) processes significantly increase the potential for upland hillslope erosion during run‐off events that follow thaw. We selected a highly frost‐susceptible silt to obtain an upper bound on FT effects, and completed three series of six experiments each to quantify differences in soil erosion and rill development in a bare soil following a single FT cycle. Each series represented a specific soil moisture range: 16–18 per cent, 27–30 per cent and 37–40 per cent by volume, with nominal flow rates of 0·4, 1·2 and 2·4 L/min and slopes of 8° and 15°. Each experiment used two identical soil bins: one a control (C) that remained unfrozen, and another that was frozen and thawed once. Standard soil characterization tests did not detect significant differences between the FT and C bins. We measured cross‐sectional geometry of an imposed straight rectangular rill before each experiment, sediment load during and rill cross‐sections after. Changes in cross section provided detailed measures of erosion at specific locations, while sediment load from time series run‐off samples integrated the rill erosion. Several parameters, including average maximum rill width, average maximum rill depth, rill cross‐section depth measures and sediment load, all followed similar trends. Each was greater in the FT than in the C, with values that generally increased with slope and flow. However, soil moisture was the only parameter that affected the FT/C ratios. Average sediment load grouped by soil moisture provided FT/C ratios of 2·4, 3·0 and 5·0 for low, mid and high moisture, respectively. In contrast, a ‘dry’ experiment at 4–5 per cent soil moisture had FT/C of 1·02 for sediment load. These results show a dramatic increase with soil moisture in the rate and quantity of bare soil eroded due to the FT cycle. As both FT and C results were highly sensitive to initial conditions, minimum differences in soil weight, bulk density and soil moisture through each series of experiments were required to achieve consistent results, indicating that rill erosion may be chaotic. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On a Quick Seismic Microzonation of Wide Areas     

A. Teramo  M. Maugeri  A. Bottari  D. Termini 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(4):671-682

In this paper a characterization of seismic site response is proposed, taking into consideration geo-morphological conditions, geotechnical and geophysical parameters such as slope, average shear-wave velocity, maximum expected acceleration on bedrock, depth of ground water table. An empirical relationship is presented between these parameters and applied, with the objective of determining ground motion amplification coefficients to be used in specific programs of land use or town planning dedicated to the mitigation of seismic risk.  相似文献   

Shear wave velocity modelling in crustal rock for seismic hazard analysis   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

A.M. Chandler  N.T.K. Lam  H.H. Tsang 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(2):167-185

P-wave velocity data along with the thickness of sedimentary and crystalline layers within bedrock were collected from all global regions and presented in the Global Crustal Model CRUST2.0, published in 2001. This well-organised database provides invaluable potential contributions towards future seismic hazard modelling, particularly for stable continental regions (SCRs), where there is a scarcity of representative strong motion records for conventional modelling purposes. The P-wave velocity information presented in CRUST2.0 has been converted herein to S-wave velocity information. The latter is especially important for purposes of seismic hazard modelling. The value of the CRUST2.0 model has therefore been greatly enhanced by the important findings presented and further developed in this paper. By making the best use of available information on crustal conditions, the amplification behaviour of seismic waves affecting a region, an area or a site for any given earthquake scenario may be predicted. The developed methodology, which is intended for worldwide applications, has been illustrated by case studies in which model S-wave velocity profiles were developed for different geological regions within North America. The model profiles were found to be in excellent agreement with field measurements reported for each respective region.  相似文献   

Evaluation of seismic site factors in the Mississippi Embayment. II. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with nonlinear site effects     

Duhee Park  Youssef M.A. Hashash 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2005,25(2):145-156

An integrated probabilistic seismic hazard analysis procedure that incorporates nonlinear site effects, PSHA-NL, is developed and used to characterize the influence of thick deposits of the upper Mississippi Embayment (ME) on seismic site coefficients. PSHA-NL follows the methodology of the 2002 USGS hazard maps and generates a compatible set of ground motion records. The motions are propagated using nonlinear and equivalent linear site response analyses and ME properties developed in a companion paper and used to derive surface uniform hazard response spectra. A set of generic site coefficients are derived and summarized in a format similar to NEHRP site coefficients, with an added dimension of ME deposits thickness to the Paleozoic rock, a physically meaningful impedance boundary. These coefficients compare well with NEHRP site coefficients for 30 m profiles. For thicker soil profiles, developed site coefficients are lower at short periods and higher at long periods than NEHRP site coefficients.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Paleoseismic Activity Along the TianqiaogouHuangyangchuan Fault on the Eastern Section of the Qilian Mountains     

Zheng Wenjun 《中国地震研究》2005,19(2):139-151

1INTRODUCTION TheTianqiaogou Huangyangchuanfault(alsocalledGulangfault)isanimportantpartofanactivefaultzoneontheeasternsectionofthenorthernQilianMountains.Therecentactivityofthefaulthasbeenstudiedtodifferentdegrees(WanFuling,1987;InstituteofGeology,StateS…  相似文献   

滇西北兰坪盆地金满脉状铜矿床绢云母^40Ar-^39Ar年龄对成矿时代的约束   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王彦斌陈文  曾普胜 《地质通报》2005,24(2):181-184

处于印度大陆与亚洲大陆主碰撞带北东侧的兰坪盆地西缘的金满铜矿床，产于中生代陆相沉积砂岩、泥岩中，以其属新类型陆相喷流铜矿床而引起人们的关注。关于其成矿时代至今仍然存在争论。采用常规^40Ar/^39Ar阶段升温测年法对金满铜矿床主矿体旁侧的含铜热液蚀变矿物绢云母进行了测试，获得3组视平均年龄分别为88Ma、67Ma、37Ma。结合兰坪盆地区域地质成矿背景，认为金满铜矿成矿经历了早期67Ma的成矿作用和晚期37Ma的成矿叠加作用，后者代表了金满铜矿的主要形成年龄。金满铜矿床的2期成矿年龄可能是印～藏碰撞(古新世)和走滑～拉分(始新世)等重大地质构造事件在矿床中留下的同位素年龄信息．暗示着古新世时期的构造作用和始新世时期的构造-岩浆-成矿活动对兰坪盆地的作用。  相似文献